Pilot design and optimization in uplink cell-free integrated sensing and communication systems

Tian Zhuoyan; Wang Jie; Li Jiamin; Zhu Pengcheng; Wang Dongming

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2026045

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Pilot design and optimization in uplink cell-free integrated sensing and communication systems

Topic: Integration of Communication, Sensing, and Computing for 6G | 更新时间：2026-03-02

- Pilot design and optimization in uplink cell-free integrated sensing and communication systems
- Telecommunications Science Vol. 42, Issue 1, Pages: 43-52(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.东南大学移动通信全国重点实验室，江苏南京 210096
  2.东南大学信息科学与工程学院，江苏南京 210096
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  Major Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Province(BG2024002)
- DOI：10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2026045
  CLC： TN929.5
- Received：29 August 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-10-21，
  
  Accepted：06 November 2025，
  
  Published：20 January 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
田卓岩,王洁,李佳珉等.上行无蜂窝通感一体化系统的导频设计与优化[J].电信科学,2026,42(01):43-52.

Tian Zhuoyan,Wang Jie,Li Jiamin,et al.Pilot design and optimization in uplink cell-free integrated sensing and communication systems[J].Telecommunications Science,2026,42(01):43-52.
田卓岩,王洁,李佳珉等.上行无蜂窝通感一体化系统的导频设计与优化[J].电信科学,2026,42(01):43-52. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2026045.

Tian Zhuoyan,Wang Jie,Li Jiamin,et al.Pilot design and optimization in uplink cell-free integrated sensing and communication systems[J].Telecommunications Science,2026,42(01):43-52. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2026045.

摘要

针对导频在信道估计与目标定位中的双重作用，提出了一种面向上行无蜂窝通感一体化（cell-free integrated sensing and communication，CF-ISAC）系统的导频结构设计与优化方法。首先，设计了一种联合长度与功率分配的导频结构；在此基础上，构建了同时最大化上行通信速率与感知估计速率的多目标优化问题（multi-objective optimization problem，MOOP）；进而，提出一种基于非支配排序遗传算法II（non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II，NSGA-II）的导频优化算法，以实现通信与感知性能的最优权衡。仿真结果表明，与随机导频和等功率导频方案相比，所提方法能够在相同信噪比条件下降低信道估计误差，并获得分布均衡的通信-感知帕累托前沿（Pareto front），验证了该方法在上行CF-ISAC系统中的有效性与实用性。

Abstract

In response to the dual role of pilot signals in channel estimation and target localization

a pilot structure design and optimization method was proposed for the uplink cell-free integrated sensing and communication (CF-ISAC) system. Firstly

a pilot structure jointly considering length and power allocation was designed. On this basis

a multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) was formulated to simultaneously maximize the uplink communication rate and the sensing estimation rate. Subsequently

a pilot optimization algorithm based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) was proposed to achieve the optimal trade-off between communication and sensing performance. Simulation results show that

compared with random pilot and equal-power pilot schemes

the proposed method is able to reduce channel estimation error under the same signal-to-noise ratio conditions and achieve a well-distributed communication-sensing Pareto front

which verifies the effectiveness and practicality of the method in uplink CF-ISAC systems.

关键词

Keywords

references

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Zhu W D , Han Y H , Wang L , et al . Pilot optimization for OFDM-based ISAC signal in emergency IoT networks [J ] . IEEE Internet of Things Journal , 2024 , 11 ( 18 ): 29600 - 29614 .

Mao W H , Lu Y , Chi C Y , et al . Communication-sensing region for cell-free massive MIMO ISAC systems [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications , 2024 , 23 ( 9 ): 12396 - 12411 .

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Deb K , Pratap A , Agarwal S , et al . A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation , 2002 , 6 ( 2 ): 182 - 197 .

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