Near-field spatially non-stationary channel estimation for XL-MIMO systems based on variational Bayesian inference

Xu Qiuyuan; Cao Haiyan; Ling Haikun; Xu Shenghao; Xu Fangmin

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX250623

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Near-field spatially non-stationary channel estimation for XL-MIMO systems based on variational Bayesian inference

Research and Development | 更新时间：2026-07-21

- Near-field spatially non-stationary channel estimation for XL-MIMO systems based on variational Bayesian inference
- Telecommunications Science Vol. 42, Issue 6, Pages: 131-144(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  杭州电子科技大学通信工程学院，浙江杭州 310018
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  The Scientific Research Project of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education(Y202351797)
- DOI：10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX250623
  CLC： TN92
- Received：24 October 2025，
  
  Revised：2026-01-07，
  
  Accepted：21 January 2026，
  
  Online First：21 July 2026，
  
  Published：20 June 2026
- 稿件说明：
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许秋元,曹海燕,凌海坤等.基于变分贝叶斯推断的XL-MIMO系统近场空间非平稳信道估计[J].电信科学,2026,42(06):131-144.

Xu Qiuyuan,Cao Haiyan,Ling Haikun,et al.Near-field spatially non-stationary channel estimation for XL-MIMO systems based on variational Bayesian inference[J].Telecommunications Science,2026,42(06):131-144.
许秋元,曹海燕,凌海坤等.基于变分贝叶斯推断的XL-MIMO系统近场空间非平稳信道估计[J].电信科学,2026,42(06):131-144. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX250623.

Xu Qiuyuan,Cao Haiyan,Ling Haikun,et al.Near-field spatially non-stationary channel estimation for XL-MIMO systems based on variational Bayesian inference[J].Telecommunications Science,2026,42(06):131-144. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX250623.

摘要

针对XL-MIMO系统存在的近场效应和空间非平稳效应，提出了一种联合同步正交匹配追踪（simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit，SOMP）与变分贝叶斯推断（variational Bayesian inference，VBI）的无网格信道估计方案。首先，基于分组时间块码（group time block code，GTBC）提取各子阵列的接收信号，将整个天线阵列上的空间非平稳信道估计问题转化为各个子阵列上的空间平稳信道估计问题。然后，基于SOMP算法实现对各子阵列稀疏信道支撑集的获取。最后，利用获取的支撑集构造简化码本，并利用VBI迭代更新码本矩阵和复路径增益期望矩阵，实现各子阵列上的信道估计，进而获得整个阵列上的估计信道。仿真结果表明，与GP-SOMP算法、GP-SIGW算法相比，所提出的信道估计方案在信道估计的归一化均方误差（normalized mean square error，NMSE）上均有明显的性能提升。

Abstract

A gridless channel estimation scheme combining simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit (SOMP) and variational Bayesian inference (VBI) was proposed to address the near-field effect and spatial non-stationary effect in XL-MIMO systems. Firstly

based on group time block code (GTBC)

the received signals of each subarray were extracted

and the spatial non-stationary channel estimation problem over the entire antenna array was transformed into a spatial stationary channel estimation problem for each subarray. Subsequently

the SOMP algorithm was employed to obtain the sparse channel support set for each subarray. Finally

a simplified codebook was constructed using the obtained support set

and the codebook matrix and the complex path gain expectation matrix were iteratively updated by means of VBI

enabling channel estimation for each subarray and thereby obtaining the estimated channel for the entire array. Simulation results demonstrate that

compared with the GP-SOMP and GP-SIGW algorithms

the proposed channel estimation scheme achieves significant performance improvement in terms of normalized mean square error (NMSE).

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references

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