ARDR: an adaptive service selection and robust decision framework for heterogeneous executor

Zheng Qiuhua; Sun Zhenyu; Zhang Jianwu; Xu Liding; Zhou Di; Cheng Chuanhui

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX250636

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

ARDR: an adaptive service selection and robust decision framework for heterogeneous executor

Research and Development | 更新时间：2026-06-17

- ARDR: an adaptive service selection and robust decision framework for heterogeneous executor
- Telecommunications Science Vol. 42, Issue 5, Pages: 30-47(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.杭州电子科技大学网络空间安全学院，浙江杭州 310018
  2.浙江省全省敏感数据安全保护与保密治理重点实验室，浙江杭州 310018
  3.杭州电子科技大学通信工程学院，浙江杭州 310018
  4.中国电子科技集团第32研究所，上海 201808
  5.中南财经政法大学信息工程学院，湖北武汉 430073
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  Zhejiang “Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” Research & Development Program(2023C01025);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensitive Data Security Protection and Confidentiality Management(2024E10048)
- DOI：10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX250636
  CLC： TP393.08;TN918.1
- Received：30 October 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-12-23，
  
  Accepted：25 December 2025，
  
  Published：20 May 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
郑秋华,孙振宇,章坚武等.ARDR：融合自适应选择与证据推理的拟态防御鲁棒决策架构[J].电信科学,2026,42(05):30-47.

Zheng Qiuhua,Sun Zhenyu,Zhang Jianwu,et al.ARDR: an adaptive service selection and robust decision framework for heterogeneous executor[J].Telecommunications Science,2026,42(05):30-47.
郑秋华,孙振宇,章坚武等.ARDR：融合自适应选择与证据推理的拟态防御鲁棒决策架构[J].电信科学,2026,42(05):30-47. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX250636.

Zheng Qiuhua,Sun Zhenyu,Zhang Jianwu,et al.ARDR: an adaptive service selection and robust decision framework for heterogeneous executor[J].Telecommunications Science,2026,42(05):30-47. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX250636.

摘要

动态异构冗余（dynamic heterogeneous redundancy，DHR）架构虽能增强系统弹性与容错，但基于多数表决的决策机制难以处理异构信息源的质量差异与潜在冲突，在关键安全场景中易导致性能下降或误判。为此，提出一种自适应与鲁棒决策冗余（adaptive & robust decision redundancy，ARDR）架构，通过自适应服务选择与基于证据的鲁棒裁决，实现对异构执行体输出的系统化评估与融合。ARDR构建综合评估模型，结合执行体异构性、历史性能、置信度及效率，利用鲸鱼优化算法选取最优组合；随后基于Dempster-Shafer理论设计高冲突感知裁决框架处理不确定性。拟态Web应用防火墙原型及多场景仿真实验结果表明，ARDR在准确率、F2值及平均执行时间上均优于传统动态异构冗余及防御增强型动态异构冗余（improved dynamic heterogeneous redundancy，IDHR）架构，尤其在高冗余与高冲突条件下性能稳定。消融实验进一步证明其自适应选择与鲁棒裁决的协同效应，为异构高不确定性环境下冗余系统设计提供可解释的高效方案。

Abstract

Dynamic heterogeneous redundancy (DHR) architectures enhance system resilience but majority-voting decisions struggle with heterogeneous source quality and potential conflicts

leading to performance drops or misjudgments in critical security scenarios. The adaptive and robust decision redundancy (ARDR) architecture was presented

which combined adaptive service selection with evidence-based robust decision-making to systematically evaluate and fuse heterogeneous executor outputs. ARDR employed a comprehensive evaluation model considering executor heterogeneity

historical performance

confidence

and efficiency

using the whale optimization Algorithm to select optimal combinations

and a dempster-shafer-based high-conflict-aware framework to handle uncertainty. Prototype and multi-scenario simulations show that ARDR outperforms conventional DHR and improved dynamic heterogeneous redundancy (IDHR) in accuracy

F2-score

and execution time

especially under high redundancy and conflict

with ablation studies confirming the synergy of adaptive selection and robust decision-making. The ablation study provides an interpretable and efficient solution for redundancy system design in heterogeneous

high-uncertainty environments.

关键词

Keywords

references

Ouyang H W , Xu F , Chen Z X , et al . Advanced persistent threat detection and defense algorithm based on multi-source heterogeneity [C ] // Proceedings of the 2025 7th International Conference on Electronics and Communication, Network and Computer Technology (ECNCT) . Piscataway : IEEE Press , 2025 : 280 - 284 .

Wan Y F , Qin L J , Qin J R , et al . Security risk identification model of power grid software supply chain based on data mining [C ] // Proceedings of the 2025 International Conference on Electrical Drives , Power Electronics & Engineering (EDPEE) . Piscataway : IEEE Press , 2025 : 1277 - 1282 .

Merigala J , Kumar V , Gujjarlapudi J , et al . Analysis of supply chain attacks in open-source software and mitigation strategies [C ] // 2024 5th International Conference on Communication , Computing & Industry 6.0 (C 2 I 6 ). Piscataway: IEEE Press , 2024 : 1 - 5 .

Shaaban G , Fourati H , Kibangou A , et al . Active defense strategy in cyber-physical systems: misleading unauthorized observers [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems , 2025 , 12 ( 3 ): 2404 - 2415 .

Xu Y X , Li M H , Fang B X , et al . Neural honeypoint: an active defense framework against model inversion attacks [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems , 2025 , 36 ( 9 ): 16186 - 16197 .

邬江兴 . 网络空间拟态安全防御 [J ] . 保密科学技术 , 2014 ( 10 ): 4 - 9, 1 .

Wu J X . Cyberspace mimicry security defense [J ] . Secrecy Science and Technology , 2014 ( 10 ): 4 - 9, 1 .

邬江兴 . 网络空间拟态防御研究 [J ] . 信息安全学报 , 2016 , 1 ( 4 ): 1 - 10 .

Wu J X . Research on cyber mimic defense [J ] . Journal of Cyber Security , 2016 , 1 ( 4 ): 1 - 10 .

Hu J J , Li Y , Li Z Z , et al . Unveiling the strategic defense mechanisms in dynamic heterogeneous redundancy architecture [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management , 2024 , 21 ( 4 ): 4912 - 4926 .

吴铤 , 胡程楠 , 陈庆南 , 等 . 基于执行体划分的防御增强型动态异构冗余架构 [J ] . 通信学报 , 2021 , 42 ( 3 ): 122 - 134 .

Wu T , Hu C N , Chen Q N , et al . Defense-enhanced dynamic heterogeneous redundancy architecture based on executor partition [J ] . Journal on Communications , 2021 , 42 ( 3 ): 122 - 134 .

Luo W Q , Ni M , Yu X S , et al . Design of mimic security integrated framework for embedded systems [C ] // Proceedings of the 2025 5th International Symposium on Computer Technology and Information Science (ISCTIS) . Piscataway : IEEE Press , 2025 : 806 - 810 .

Shao S S , Gu T S , Nie Y J , et al . An active defense adjudication method based on adaptive anomaly sensing for mimic IoT [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Services Computing , 2025 , 18 ( 1 ): 57 - 71 .

Parhami B . Voting algorithms [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Reliability , 1994 , 43 ( 4 ): 617 - 629 .

Shafer G . A Mathematical Theory of Evidence [M ] . Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press , 1976 .

Jones J , Hiser J D , Davidson J W , et al . Defeating denial-of-service attacks in a self-managing N-variant system [C ] // Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE/ACM 14th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS) . Piscataway : IEEE Press , 2019 : 126 - 138 .

Tan L , Krings A . A hierarchical formal framework for adaptive N-variant programs in multi-core systems [C ] // Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE 30th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops . Piscataway : IEEE Press , 2010 : 7 - 12 .

Wang Z H , Jiang D D , Lv Z H . AI-assisted trustworthy architecture for industrial IoT based on dynamic heterogeneous redundancy [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics , 2023 , 19 ( 2 ): 2019 - 2027 .

刘勤让 , 林森杰 , 顾泽宇 . 面向拟态安全防御的异构功能等价体调度算法 [J ] . 通信学报 , 2018 , 39 ( 7 ): 188 - 198 .

Liu Q R , Lin S J , Gu Z Y . Heterogeneous redundancies scheduling algorithm for mimic security defense [J ] . Journal on Communications , 2018 , 39 ( 7 ): 188 - 198 .

Choi J , Goh K I . Majority-vote dynamics on multiplex networks [J ] . New Journal of Physics , 2019 , 21 ( 3 ): 035005 .

Ran H C , Zhou M , Du N , et al . Multi-view fusion based object detection approach using dempster-shafer evidence theory [C ] // Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE 12th Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP) . Piscataway : IEEE Press , 2025 : 1 - 2 .

Zhao K Y , Li L , Chen Z Q , et al . A survey: Optimization and applications of evidence fusion algorithm based on Dempster–Shafer theory [J ] . Applied Soft Computing , 2022 , 124 : 109075 .

Qiu W C , Ma Y H , Chen X Z , et al . Hybrid intrusion detection system based on Dempster-Shafer evidence theory [J ] . Computers & Security , 2022 , 117 : 102709 .

Yang W , Hou F Y , Jia Z Y , et al . A game-theory-based risk assessment method for industrial control systems via Bayesian attack graphs [C ] // Proceedings of the 2025 10th International Conference on Signal and Image Processing (ICSIP) . Piscataway : IEEE Press , 2025 : 876 - 880 .

Cui P Y . Design of adaptive network defense mechanism combining reinforcement learning [C ] // Proceedings of the 2025 4th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Electrical Circuits and Electronics (ICDCECE) . Piscataway : IEEE Press , 2025 : 1 - 5 .

Tan Z Y , Karakose M . Optimized deep reinforcement learning approach for dynamic system [C ] // Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering (ISSE) . Piscataway : IEEE Press , 2020 : 1 - 4 .

Wang S H , Sun C , Lin Y P . Human behavior recognition based on weighted voting - dempster shafer algorithm from fusion of multiple radars [C ] // Proceedings of the 2024 17th International Convention on Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology (i-CREATe) . Piscataway : IEEE Press , 2024 : 1 - 4 .

郑秋华 , 胡程楠 , 崔婷婷 , 等 . 一种基于概率分析的DHR模型安全性分析方法 [J ] . 电子学报 , 2021 , 49 ( 8 ): 1586 - 1598 .

Zheng Q H , Hu C N , Cui T T , et al . A security analysis approach for dynamic heterogeneous redundancy model based on probability analysis [J ] . Acta Electronica Sinica , 2021 , 49 ( 8 ): 1586 - 1598 .

Mirjalili S , Lewis A . The whale optimization algorithm [J ] . Advances in Engineering Software , 2016 , 95 : 51 - 67 .

Liu R , Liang Z H , Wang Z Y , et al . Indoor visible light positioning based on improved whale optimization method with Min-max algorithm [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement , 2023 , 72 : 2504910 .

Hussien A G , Heidari A A , Ye X J , et al . Boosting whale optimization with evolution strategy and Gaussian random walks: an image segmentation method [J ] . Engineering with Computers , 2023 , 39 ( 3 ): 1935 - 1979 .

姚文斌 , 杨孝宗 . 相异性软件组件选择算法设计 [J ] . 哈尔滨工业大学学报 , 2003 , 35 ( 3 ): 261 - 264 .

Yao W B , Yang X Z . Design of selective algorithm for diverse software components [J ] . Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology , 2003 , 35 ( 3 ): 261 - 264 .

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Dynamic scheduling method of service function chain executors based on the mimic defense architecture

Mimic security scheduling algorithm for industrial control under limited heterogeneous resource constraints

A differential feedback scheduling decision algorithm based on mimic defense

Defense of hidden backdoor technology for Web

Modeling of the mimic defense based on heterogeneous redundancy

Related Author

Weiming WANG

Chao CHEN

Rui LEI

Yangting CHEN

Jingjing TANG

Chuanhuang LI

Shunbin LI

Heyuan LI

Related Institution

State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd.

State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd. Research Institute

Zhejiang University

Jiaxing Vocational and Technical College

Zhejiang Huayun Info Technology Co.,Ltd.

⁰