Recent Advances in AI-Based Data Annotation for Wireless Communications

Hanwen Zhang; Songyan Bai; Fan Li; Lin Gao; Yamei Luo

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX260053

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Recent Advances in AI-Based Data Annotation for Wireless Communications

更新时间：2026-05-11

- Recent Advances in AI-Based Data Annotation for Wireless Communications
- Telecommunications Science (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1).成都信息工程大学人工智能学院 , 成都中国 610225
  2).成都市武侯区数字健康与医学智能产业研究院医学智能研究所, 成都中国 610041
  3).西南医科大学医学信息与工程学院, 泸州中国 646000
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX260053
  CLC：
- Received：18 January 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-04-02，
  
  Accepted：11 May 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
Hanwen Zhang, Songyan Bai, Fan Li, et al. Recent Advances in AI-Based Data Annotation for Wireless Communications[J/OL]. Telecommunications Science, 2026.
DOI：

Hanwen Zhang, Songyan Bai, Fan Li, et al. Recent Advances in AI-Based Data Annotation for Wireless Communications[J/OL]. Telecommunications Science, 2026. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX260053.

摘要

随着无线通信系统向 5G-A 与 6G 演进，网络环境的复杂性和动态性不断增强，数据驱动方法在无线系统中的应用日益广泛。然而，无线通信数据具有连续流、强时变和场景依赖等特点，高质量标注数据的获取与长期维护成本高昂，已成为制约电信智能化发展的关键瓶颈。围绕无线通信中的数据标注问题，本文系统梳理了无线数据的主要模态、标签形态及真值来源，并分析了标注噪声与数据分布漂移的形成机制。进一步结合频谱监测、干扰识别、调制识别和 Wi-Fi 感知等典型场景，综述主动学习、弱监督、半监督、自监督、噪声鲁棒学习、生成式模型、大模型等技术路线，并比较其在降低标注成本与提升标注质量方面的优势与局限。最后，面向未来 6G 与 AI-RAN 场景，探讨了基础模型、持续学习与隐私约束下标注优化等潜在研究方向，为无线通信智能化标注体系的构建提供参考。

Abstract

With the evolution of wireless communication systems toward 5G-Advanced and 6G

network environments are becoming increasingly complex and dynamic

making data-driven approaches and artificial intelligence essential for intelligent wireless systems. However

wireless communication data exhibit continuous streams

strong temporal variations

and high scenario dependency

resulting in high costs for acquiring and maintaining high-quality labeled data

which has become a critical bottleneck for practical deployment. Focusing on the problem of data annotation in wireless communications

this paper systematically reviews the main data modalities

label forms

and ground-truth acquisition mechanisms

and analyzes the sources of annotation noise and data distribution drift. We further survey several representative learning paradigms

including active learning

weak supervision

semi-supervised learning

self-supervised learning

noise-robust learning

generative models

and large-model-based approaches

and discuss their advantages and limitations in reducing annotation cost and improving label quality across typical applications such as spectrum monitoring

interference identification

modulation recognition

and Wi-Fi sensing. Finally

future research directions are outlined toward 6G and AI-RAN

including foundation models

continual learning

and privacy-aware annotation

aiming to provide insights for building low-cost and reliable annotation pipelines for intelligent wireless systems.

关键词

Keywords

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