YU J F , WANG X Z , TU S Q , et al . KoLA: carefully benchmarking world knowledge of large language models [J ] . arXiv preprint , arXiv: 230609296 , 2023 .

YANG Y H , TOMAR A . On the planning, search, andMemorization capabilities ofLarge language models [C ] // Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent Vision and Computing (ICIVC 2023) . Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland , 2024 : 24 - 38 .

潘盼 , 蒋硕然 , 刘于红 , 等 . 大语言模型ChatGPT在电阻抗断层显像(EIT)肺通气诊断中的应用价值 [J ] . 中国急救医学 , 2023 , 43 ( 10 ): 760 - 767 .

杨兴睿 , 马斌 , 李森垚 , 等 . 基于大语言模型的教育文本幂等摘要方法 [J ] . 计算机工程 , 2024 , 50 ( 7 ): 32 - 41 .

陆岷峰 , 高伦 . 大语言模型发展现状及其在金融领域的应用研究 [J ] . 金融科技时代 , 2023 , 31 ( 8 ): 32 - 38 .

HUANG L , YU W J , MA W T , et al . A survey on hallucination in large language models: principles, taxonomy, challenges, and open questions [J ] . ACM Transactions on Information Systems , 2025 , 43 ( 2 ): 1 - 55 .

FAN W Q , DING Y J , NING L B , et al . A survey on RAG meeting LLMs: towards retrieval-augmented large language models [C ] // Proceedings of the 30th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining . New York : ACM , 2024 .

FINARDI P , AVILA L , CASTALDONI R , et al . The chronicles of RAG: the retriever, the chunk and the generator [J ] . arXiv preprint , arXiv: 240107883 , 2024 .

MANSUROVA A , MANSUROVA A , NUGUMANOVA A . QA-RAG: exploring LLM reliance on external knowledge [J ] . Big Data and Cognitive Computing , 2024 , 8 ( 9 ): 115 .

SENNRICH R . Neural machine translation of rare words with subword units [J ] . arXiv preprint , arXiv: 150807909 , 2015 .

PEREZ F , RIBEIRO I . Ignore previous prompt: Attack techniques for language models [J ] . arXiv preprint , arXiv: 221109527 , 2022 .

WANG W , ZHANG S , REN Y , et al . Needle In A Multimodal Haystack [J ] . arXiv preprint , arXiv: 240607230 , 2024 .