Research on consensus mechanism optimization for IoT blockchain

Qijie SONG; Tieming CHEN; Yuan CHEN; Dongjie MA; Zhengqiu WENG

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2020037

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Research on consensus mechanism optimization for IoT blockchain

Comprehensive Review | 更新时间：2024-06-05

- Research on consensus mechanism optimization for IoT blockchain
- Telecommunications Science Vol. 36, Issue 2, Pages: 1-12(2020)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 浙江工业大学计算机科学与技术学院，浙江杭州 310023
  2. 之江实验室工业互联网研究中心，浙江杭州 310000
  3. 温州职业技术学院，浙江温州 325035
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2020037
  CLC： TP311
- Published Online：2020-02，
  
  Published：20 February 2020
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
Qijie SONG, Tieming CHEN, Yuan CHEN, et al. Research on consensus mechanism optimization for IoT blockchain[J]. Telecommunications science, 2020, 36(2): 1-12.
DOI：

Qijie SONG, Tieming CHEN, Yuan CHEN, et al. Research on consensus mechanism optimization for IoT blockchain[J]. Telecommunications science, 2020, 36(2): 1-12. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2020037.

摘要

区块链的本质是一个去中心化的分布式账本系统；物联网是由海量异构终端接入互联而成，具备天然的分布式特征，因此两者结合的物联网区块链被广泛看好。同时，由于物联网感知终端的异构性、计算存储及数据传输能力都受限等特性，使物联网区块链面临较大挑战，其中密码共识技术成为关键问题。在总结当前区块链共识算法的基础上，分析其对物联网区块链的适用性，介绍了几大物联网区块链平台及共识机制应用现状，并阐述了针对物联网区块链的共识机制优化研究进展。最后展望物联网区块链的优化技术，总结有潜力的研究方向。

Abstract

The essence of the blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger system.The Internet of things is interconnected by massive heterogeneous terminals and has natural distributed characteristics.Therefore

the combinedIoT blockchain is widely optimistic.At the same time

due to the heterogeneity of the IoT-aware terminal

the limited computing capacity and the ability of data transmission

the IoT blockchain faces great challenges.The password consensus technology has become a key issue.On the basis of summarizing the current blockchain consensus algorithm

its applicability to the IoT blockchain was analyzed

the current application status of several IoT blockchain platforms and consensus mechanisms was introduced

and the optimization research progress of the consensus mechanismin IoT blockchain was described.Finally

the optimization technology of the IoT blockchain and the potential research directions were summarized.

关键词

Keywords

references

KHODADAD F , DASTJERDI A V , BUYYA R . Internet of things:an overview [M ] . San Francisco : Margan KaufmannPress , 2016 .

ASHTON K . That ‘internet of things’ thing [J ] . RFID journal , 2009 , 22 ( 7 ): 97 - 114 .

WANG X , ZHA X , NI W , et al . Survey on blockchain for internet of things [J ] . Computer Communications , 2019 ( 107 ): 10 - 29 .

张玉清 , 周威 , 彭安妮 . 物联网安全综述 [J ] . 计算机研究与发展 , 2017 , 54 ( 10 ): 2130 - 2143 .

ZHANG Y Q , ZHOU W , PENG A N . Survey of internet of things security [J ] . Journal of Computer Research and Develpoment , 2017 , 54 ( 10 ): 2130 - 2143 .

邵奇峰 , 金澈清 . 区块链技术:架构及进展 [J ] . 计算机学报 , 2018 , 41 ( 5 ): 3 - 22 .

SHAO Q F , JIN C Q . Blockchain:architecture and research progress [J ] . Chinese Journal of Computer , 2018 , 41 ( 5 ): 3 - 22 .

李董 , 魏进武 . 区块链技术原理、应用领域及挑战 [J ] . 电信科学 , 2016 , 32 ( 12 ): 20 - 26 .

LI D , WEI J W . Theory,application fields and challenge of the blockchain technology [J ] . Telecommunications Science , 2016 , 32 ( 12 ): 20 - 26 .

PAN J , YANG Z . Cybersecurity challenges and opportunities in the new edge computing+ IoT world [C ] // The 2018 ACM International Workshop on Security in Software Defined Networks ＆ Network Function Virtualization,Mar 19-21,2018,Tempe,AZ,USA . NewYork:ACM Press , 2018 : 29 - 32 .

MILLER A , JUELS A , SHI E , et al . Permacoin:repurposing bitcoin work for data preservation [C ] // 2014 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy,May 18-21,2014,Berkeley,CA,USA . Piscataway:IEEE Press , 2014 : 475 - 490 .

CASTRO M , LISKOY B . Practical byzantine fault tolerance and proactive recovery [J ] . ACM Transactions on Computer Systems , 2002 , 20 ( 4 ): 398 - 461 .

ANDROULAKI E , BARGER A , BORTNIKOV V , et al . Hyperledger fabric:a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains [C ] // The Thirteenth EuroSys Conference,April 23-26,2018,Porto,Portugal . New York:ACM Press , 2018 :30.

ABDBD-EL-MALEK M , GANGER G R , GOODSON G R , et al . Fault-scalable byzantine fault-tolerant services [J ] . ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review , 2005 , 39 ( 5 ): 59 - 74 .

COWLING J , MYERS D , LISKOY B , et al . HQ replication:A hybrid quorum protocol for Byzantine fault tolerance [C ] // The 7th symposium on Operating systems design and implementation,November 6-8,2006,Seattle,WA,USA . Berkeley:USENIX , 2006 : 177 - 190 .

MARTIN J P , ALVISI L . Fast byzantine consensus [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Dependable ＆ Secure Computing , 2006 , 3 ( 3 ): 202 - 215 .

VERONESE G S , CORREIA M , BESSANI A N , et al . Spin one's wheels? byzantine fault tolerance with a spinning primary [C ] // 28th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems (SRDS 2009),September 27-30,2009,Niagara Falls,New York,USA . Piscataway:IEEE Press , 2009 : 135 - 144 .

CLEMENT A , WONG E L , ALYISI L , et al . Making byzantine fault tolerant systems tolerate byzantine faults [C ] // NSDI,Apr 22-24,2009,Boston,MA,USA . Berkeley:USENIX , 2009 : 153 - 168 .

POPOV S . The tangle [EB ] . 2019 .

袁勇 , 倪晓春 , 曾帅 , 等 . 区块链共识算法的发展现状与展望 [J ] . 自动化学报 , 2018 , 44 ( 11 ): 93 - 104 .

YONG Y , NI X C , ZENG S , et al . Blockchain consensus algorithms:the state of the art and future trends [J ] . Acta Automatica Sinica , 2018 , 44 ( 11 ): 93 - 104 .

NAKAMOTO S . Bitcoin:a peer-to-peer electronic cash system [EB ] . 2008 .

COURTOIS N T . On the longest chain rule and programmed self-destruction of crypto currencies [J ] . arXiv:1405.0534 , 2014 : 1 - 89 .

LARIMER D . Delegated proof-of-stake [EB ] . 2014 .

KIAYIAS A , RUSSELL A , DAVID B , et al . Ouroboros:a provably secure proof-of-stake blockchain protocol [C ] // Annual International Cryptology Conference,August 20-24,2017,Santa Barbara,CA,USA . Piscataway:IEEE Press , 2017 : 357 - 388 .

BENTOV I , LEE C , MIZRAHI A , et al . Proof of activity:extending bitcoin’s proof of work via proof of stake [J ] . IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive , 2014 :452.

BACK A , CORALLO M , DASHJR L , et al . Enabling blockchain innovations with pegged sidechains [EB ] . 2014 .

EYAL I , GENCER A E , SIRER E G , et al . Bitcoin-ng:a scalable blockchain protocol [C ] // 13th Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation,March 16-18,2016,Santa Clara,CA,USA . Berkeley:USENIX Association , 2016 : 45 - 59 .

UNDERWOOD S . Blockchain beyond bitcoin [J ] . Communications of the ACM , 2016 , 59 ( 11 ): 15 - 17 .

NOMURA Research Institute . Survey on blockchain technologies and related services FY2015 Report [EB ] . 2015 .

CHEN L , XU L , SHAH N , et al . On security analysis of proof-of-elapsed-time (poet) [C ] // International Symposium on Stabilization,Safety,and Security of Distributed Systems,November 5-8,2017,Boston,MA,USA . New York:ACM Press,Cham , 2017 : 282 - 297 .

CLARK J , ESSEX A . Commitcoin:carbon dating commitments with bitcoin [C ] // International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security,Februray 27-March 2,Kralendijk,Bonaire . Berlin:Springer , 2012 : 390 - 398 .

LATHIF , MOHAMED R A , PEZHMAN N . CIDDS:aconfigurable and distributed DAG-based distributed ledger simulation framework [C ] // The 19th International Middleware Conference (Posters),December 10-14,2018,Rennes,France . New Yew:ACM Press , 2018 : 7 - 8 .

FAN X , CHAI Q . Roll-DPoS:a randomized delegated proof of stake scheme for scalable blockchain-based internet of things systems [C ] // Proceedings of the 15th EAI International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems:Computing,Networking and Services,November 5-7,2018,New York,USA . New Yew:ACM Press , 2018 : 482 - 484 .

GILAD Y , HEMO R , MICALI S , et al . Algorand:Scaling byzantine agreements for crypto currencies [C ] // The 26th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles,October 28-28,2017,Shanghai,China.New York:ACM Press . 2017 : 51 - 68 .

HUANG J , KONG L , CHEN G , et al . Towards secure industrial IoT:blockchain system with credit-based consensus mechanism [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics , 2019 , 15 ( 6 ): 1 - 1 .

SALIMITARI M , MOHSEN J , MAINAK C . An outlier-aware consensus protocol for blockchain-based IoT networks using hyperledger fabric [J ] . arXiv:1906.08177 , 2019 .

LIU M , YU R , TENG Y , et al . Performance optimization for blockchain-enabled industrial internet of things (iiot) systems:A deep reinforcement learning approach [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics , 2019 , 15 ( 6 ): 3559 - 3570 .

JIANG Y M , CHEN X W , HUANG Y , et al . A cross-chain solution to integration of IoT tangle for data access management [C ] // 2018 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber,Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData),Dec 20-22,2018,Hammamet,Tunisia . Piscataway:IEEE Press , 2018 : 1035 - 1041 .

KIM T , JAEWON N , SUNGH Y C . SCC:storage compression consensus for blockchain in lightweight IoT network [C ] // 2019 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE),Jan 11-13,2019,Las Vegas,NV,USA . Piscataway:IEEE Press , 2019 : 1 - 4 .

SAKAKIBARA Y , NAKAMURA K , MATSUTANI H . An FPGA NIC based hardware caching for blockchain [C ] // The 8th International Symposium on Highly Efficient Accelerators and Reconfigurable Technologies,June 7-9,2017,Bochum,Germany . New York:ACM Pres , 2017 :1.

CASADO V R , DELA P F , PRIETO J , et al . Blockchain framework for IoT data quality via edge computing [C ] // The 1st Workshop on Blockchain-enabled Networked Sensor Systems,November 4,2018,Shenzhen,China . New York:ACM Press , 2018 : 19 - 24 .

SAGIRLAR G , CARMINATI B , FERRARI E , et al . Hybrid-iot:hybrid blockchain architecture for internet of things-pow sub-blockchains [C ] // 2018 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber,Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData),July 30-Aug 3,2018,Halifax,NS,Canada . Piscataway:IEEE Press , 2018 : 1007 - 1016 .

DORRI A , KANHEREE S S , JURDAK R , et al . LSB:A lightweight scalable blockchain for IoT security and privacy [J ] . Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing , 2019 , 134 : 180 - 197 .

KOTLA R , ALVISI L , DAHLIN M , et al . Zyzzyva:speculative byzantine fault tolerance [J ] . ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS) , 2009 , 27 ( 4 ):7.

AUBLIN P L , GUERRAOUI R , KNEZEVIC N , et al . The next 700 BFT protocols [J ] . ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS) , 2015 , 32 ( 4 ):12.

SALAH K , RHMANE M H , NIZAMUDDIN N , et al . Blockchain for AI:review and open research challenges [J ] . IEEE Access , 2019 ( 7 ): 10127 - 10149 .

PERVEZ H , . A comparative analysis of DAG-Based blockchain architectures [C ] // 2018 12th International Conference on Open Source Systems and Technologies (ICOSST),Dec 19-21,2018,Lahore,Pakistan Piscataway:IEEE Press , 2018 .

陈烨 , 许冬瑾 , 肖亮 . 基于区块链的网络安全技术综述 [J ] . 电信科学 , 2018 , 34 ( 3 ): 10 - 16 .

CHEN Y , XU D J , XIAO L . Survey on network security based on blockchain [J ] . Telecommunications Science , 2018 , 34 ( 3 ): 10 - 16 .

REILLY E , . An IoT integrity-first communication protocol via an ethereum blockchain light client [C ] // 2019 IEEE/ACM 1stInternational Workshop on Software Engineering Research ＆Practices for the Internet of Things (SERP4IoT),May 27,2019,Montreal,QC,Canada . Piscataway:IEEE Press , 2019 : 53 - 56 .

闵新平 , 李庆忠 , 孔兰菊 , 等 . 许可链多中心动态共识机制 [J ] . 计算机学报 , 2018 , 41 ( 5 ): 39 - 54 .

MIN X P , LI Q Z , KONG L J , et al . Permissioned blockchain dynamic consensus mechanism based multi-centers [J ] . Chinese Journal of Computers , 2018 , 41 ( 5 ): 39 - 54 .

XIONG Z , FENG S , WANG W , et al . Cloud/fog computing resource management and pricing for blockchain networks [J ] . IEEE Internet of Things Journal , 2017 , 6 ( 3 ): 4585 - 4600 .

武传坤 . 物联网安全关键技术与挑战 [J ] . 密码学报 , 2015 , 2 ( 1 ): 40 - 53 .

WU C K . An overview on the security techniques and challenges of the internet of things [J ] . Journal of Cryptologic Research , 2015 , 2 ( 1 ): 40 - 53

WEI T , DONGX W , SHEN Y L , et al . A hierarchical sharding protocol for multi-domain IoT blockchains [C ] // ICC 2019 2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC),May 20-24,2019,Shanghai,China . Piscataway:IEEE Press , 2019 : 1 - 6

Views

892

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

An access control scheme for IoT based on smart contracts and CP-ABE

Security of the deployment of SDN-based IoT using blockchain

A framework of trusted services management based on blockchain in social internet of things

Research on architecture of trusted data service center for enterprise groups based on blockchain technology

Computational measurement and task scheduling: a study on IoT edge device strategies

Related Author

SUN Changxia

ZHANG Chuanhu

LIU Bingjie

YANG Yingjie

BAÇÃO Fernando

LIU Qian

Ping XIE

Xiaosong LIU

Related Institution

NOVA Information Management School, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon

Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Media, De Montfort University

Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Big Data and Artificial Intelligence

College of Information and Management Science, Henan Agricultural University

Jiangsu Branch of China Telecom Co., Ltd.

⁰