基于波束空间时间平滑算法的动态超表面天线二维DOA估计方法

侯利龙; 金梁; 黄开枝; 肖帅芳; 楼洋明; 易鸣

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2025198

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基于波束空间时间平滑算法的动态超表面天线二维DOA估计方法

研究与开发 | 更新时间：2025-11-06

- 基于波束空间时间平滑算法的动态超表面天线二维DOA估计方法
- 2D DOA estimation method using dynamic metasurface antenna based on beamspace temporal smoothing algorithm
- 电信科学 2025年41卷第10期页码：122-131
- 作者机构：
  
  信息工程大学，河南郑州 450001
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "侯利龙（1986- ），男，信息工程大学博士生，主要研究方向为智能超表面和阵列信号处理等。" ]
  [ "金梁（1969- ），男，信息工程大学教授、博士生导师，主要研究方向为智能超表面、无线内生安全、移动通信、物理层安全等。" ]
  [ "黄开枝（1973- ），女，信息工程大学教授、博士生导师，主要研究方向为智能超表面、无线内生安全、移动通信网络及信息安全。" ]
  [ "肖帅芳（1989- ），男，信息工程大学助理研究员，主要研究方向为智能超表面、无线通信、物理层安全、阵列信号处理等。" ]
  [ "楼洋明（1991- ），男，信息工程大学助理研究员，主要研究方向为智能超表面、无线通信、物理层安全、阵列信号处理等。" ]
  [ "易鸣（1986- ），男，信息工程大学副研究员、硕士生导师，主要研究方向为智能超表面、物理层安全、阵列信号处理等。" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金资助项目(U22A2001);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB2902201;2022YFB2902202);自主科研项目“基于智能反射面的单通道测向定位技术研究”(a8709)
- DOI：10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2025198
  中图分类号： TP928
- 收稿：2025-06-04，
  
  修回：2025-06-27，
  
  录用：2025-07-14，
  
  纸质出版：2025-10-20
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
侯利龙,金梁,黄开枝等.基于波束空间时间平滑算法的动态超表面天线二维DOA估计方法[J].电信科学,2025,41(10):122-131.

HOU Lilong,JIN Liang,HUANG Kaizhi,et al.2D DOA estimation method using dynamic metasurface antenna based on beamspace temporal smoothing algorithm[J].Telecommunications Science,2025,41(10):122-131.
侯利龙,金梁,黄开枝等.基于波束空间时间平滑算法的动态超表面天线二维DOA估计方法[J].电信科学,2025,41(10):122-131. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2025198.

HOU Lilong,JIN Liang,HUANG Kaizhi,et al.2D DOA estimation method using dynamic metasurface antenna based on beamspace temporal smoothing algorithm[J].Telecommunications Science,2025,41(10):122-131. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2025198.

摘要

在多径传输环境中，针对现有空间平滑算法因孔径损失导致波达方向（direction of arrival，DOA）估计精度下降的问题，提出了一种基于波束空间时间平滑算法的超表面天线二维DOA估计方法。首先，该方法利用L形动态超表面天线（dynamic metasurface antenna，DMA）的捷变性和相移特性，在波束空间、空域和时域等多个维度对多径信号进行综合观测，从而在无孔径损失的情况下，获取多个维度的信号观测分量。接着，对每个相干时间段的波束空间数据进行特征值分解，提取信号子空间数据，并计算多个时段数据的协方差矩阵。随后，充分利用协方差矩阵的互相关矩阵，将其平均处理后作为修正的空间平滑矩阵，采用一维波束空间多信号分类（multiple signal classification，MUSIC）算法分别估计水平方向和垂直方向的入射角度，并结合最大似然算法进行配对，最终获取二维DOA。蒙特卡罗仿真验证了理论分析结果，与基于现有平滑算法的DOA估计方法相比，本方法具有更强的去相关性和更小的谱峰偏移，能够有效提升估计精度。

Abstract

In a multipath transmission environment

a two-dimensional direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method for dynamic metasurface antenna based on beam-space time smoothing algorithm was proposed

addressing the issue of decreased estimation accuracy in DOA caused by aperture loss in existing spatial smoothing algorithms. Firstly

by leveraging the agility and phase-shifting characteristics of the L-shaped dynamic metasurface antenna (DMA)

multipath signals were observed comprehensively across multiple dimensions

including beamspace

spatial domain

and temporal domain. As a result

signal components of all dimensions were obtained without aperture loss. Next

eigenvalue decomposition was performed on the beamspace data for each coherent time period to extract the signal subspace data and calculate the cross-covariance matrix across multiple periods. Subsequently

the cross-correlation matrices of these cross-covariance matrices were averaged to form the modified beamspace temporal smoothing matrix. Then

the 1D beamspace multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm was employed to separately estimate the incident angles in the horizontal and vertical directions. Finally

the maximum likelihood algorithm is applied for pairing to obtain the 2D DOA. Monte Carlo simulations validated the theoretical analysis results. Compared to existing DOA estimation methods based on smoothing algorithms

this method offers stronger decorrelation and smaller spectral peak fluctuations

effectively enhancing estimation accuracy.

关键词

Keywords

references

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