最新刊期
卷 42 ， 期 1 ， 2026
- 摘要：The direct-to-mobilephone satellite system has attracted much attention, covering three technical routes. It was pointed out that 5G NTN would be the mainstream technology for the direct-to-mobilephone satellite system. The challenges confronted and corresponding solutions adopted by the direct-to-mobilephone satellite system during its development process were expounded. It was pointed out that the satellite-borne phased array antenna was the core and key element for enhancing network performance. A further in-depth analysis was conducted on the current situation, trends, and challenges of the satellite-borne phased array antenna. Trade-offs were made between single-satellite performance and constellation scale, initial research and development costs and long-term operation and maintenance costs, as well as technical risks and system reliability. Through system-level multi-objective optimization, suggestions and trade-off strategies for the development of the satellite-borne phased array antenna were proposed, providing references for 5G NTN engineering and practices in China.关键词：direct-to-mobilePhone satellite system;satellite-borne phased array antenna;satellite-borne digital beamforming;system-level multi-objective optimization3458|3355|0更新时间：2026-03-02
Expert Views
- 摘要：Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology, regarded as one of the potential key technologies for 6G, expands the functional boundaries of communication systems by deeply integrating communication and sensing functions. Through a multi-dimensional analysis of the application trends, geographical layouts, and major innovative entities of patents related to 6G ISAC technology, the development paths of patent technologies for the main technical branches, including waveform design, interference and resource management, beamforming, and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assistance, were systematically sorted out. This analysis revealed the layout and competitive landscape of related technologies on a global scale. From the perspective of patents, the research hotspots and development trends of 6G ISAC technology were disclosed, providing strong guidance and reference for domestic research on related technologies.关键词：ISAC;waveform design;interference;beamforming;RIS3325|3298|0更新时间：2026-03-02
- 摘要：With the development of sixth-generation mobile communication systems, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is recognized as an important direction for future wireless networks. In large-scale distributed scenarios, high-precision positioning still faces challenges such as excessive computational and communication overhead and unreliable parameters. To address these issues, a multi-level fusion ISAC positioning architecture was proposed: at the access point (AP) level, sensing signals were preprocessed, and the results were uploaded to the edge distributed unit (EDU); at the EDU level, the signal-to-noise ratio was mapped to the weights of delay parameters via a neural network, and weighted least squares local positioning was performed in combination with a geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) strategy; at the central processing unit (CPU) level, the reliable parameters uploaded by the EDU were subjected to secondary dynamic screening and final positioning from a global perspective. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed architecture significantly reduces positioning errors across the entire area. Moreover, it outperforms the centralized scheme in both communication and computational overhead, ensuring good system scalability.关键词：multi-level fusion architecture;ISAC;GDOP;neural network;cell-free3322|168|0更新时间：2026-03-02
- 摘要：Conventional data processing in IoT often treats sensing, communication, and computation as separate tasks, leading to significant inefficiencies in radio, energy, and computational resource usage. To address this limitation, an integrated communication-sensing-computation design was proposed. This approach jointly optimized the data offloading ratio, sensing rate, and transmission rate based on the processing capabilities of both mobile devices and servers, with the goal of maximizing energy efficiency. The analysis revealed that the optimal offloading ratio depends solely on the server’s processor profile. A string-pulling algorithm was further designed to determine the optimal sensing and offloading rates. Simulation results validate the superiority of the proposed design.关键词：integrated communication-sensing-computation;Internet of things;data offloading;energy efficiency;string-pulling algorithm26|10|0更新时间：2026-03-02
- 摘要：In response to the dual role of pilot signals in channel estimation and target localization, a pilot structure design and optimization method was proposed for the uplink cell-free integrated sensing and communication (CF-ISAC) system. Firstly, a pilot structure jointly considering length and power allocation was designed. On this basis, a multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) was formulated to simultaneously maximize the uplink communication rate and the sensing estimation rate. Subsequently, a pilot optimization algorithm based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) was proposed to achieve the optimal trade-off between communication and sensing performance. Simulation results show that, compared with random pilot and equal-power pilot schemes, the proposed method is able to reduce channel estimation error under the same signal-to-noise ratio conditions and achieve a well-distributed communication-sensing Pareto front, which verifies the effectiveness and practicality of the method in uplink CF-ISAC systems.关键词：cell-free system;ISAC;pilot design;performance tradeoff32|39|0更新时间：2026-03-02
- 摘要：With the advancement of communication technologies toward 6G, the integration of communication, sensing and computation has become a critical characteristic of next-generation power private networks. In scenarios where 5G kite private networks are deployed in power plant production control areas, challenges including difficulties in cross-domain association of multi-source data, poor adaptability in dynamic association rule mining, and insufficient real-time security protection have been identified. To address these issues, an elastic security analysis method for multi-source data oriented to 5G-Advanced dvanced integrated sensing-communication-computation private networks was proposed. This method leveraged the 5G private network as the communication foundation, with perceptual data collected by sensors being integrated to construct a multi-source data fusion processing framework, enabling computational analysis of cross-domain data. By combining Spearman rank correlation analysis with time-series FP-Growth algorithms and incorporating an exponential decay time-weighted model, security risk association rules with time constraints were effectively mined. Simulation verification shows that this method significantly improves rule coverage for existing threats while effectively reducing the false alarm rate. The method well adapts to the dynamic data characteristics and integrated sensing-communication-computation synergy of 5G kite private networks, providing technical support for the secure and continuous operation of core production services in the power industry.关键词：integration of communication;sensing and computation;5G kite private network;production control area;association rule mining29|54|0更新时间：2026-03-02
Topic: Integration of Communication, Sensing, and Computing for 6G
- 摘要：In order to further reduce the delay and improve the reliability of Wi-Fi system, the protocol of the latest generation of Wi-Fi technology, Wi-Fi 8 (IEEE 802.11bn), is under development and is expected to be officially released and commercially available in 2028. Wi-Fi 8 proposes new technologies to meet users’ needs for high reliability, large capacity, low latency, and high speed. Based on the Wi-Fi 8 protocol being formulated, many new technologies, such as multiple access point (AP) coordination technology, non-primary channel access technology, dynamic sub-channel operation technology, and reducing transmission delay were introduced and analyzed. Then, a preliminary analysis and evaluation of the evolution direction of the new technology was conducted. Finally, the future application of Wi-Fi 8 was expected.关键词：Wi-Fi 8;high reliability;low latency;multi-AP coordination;non-primary channel access;dynamic sub-channel operation62|65|0更新时间：2026-03-02
Review
- 摘要：To address the problem of excessively high costs for single partial reconfiguration in a fast reconfigurable optical interconnection network when the interconnection scale is greater than 100, a fast Benes network and a supporting partial reconfiguration algorithm were proposed. By utilizing reserved idle links, the impact of partial reconfiguration on existing links was reduced, and it exhibited excellent performance when the interconnection scale exceeded 100. When dealing with the routing change of a single node, the existing communication links corresponding were affected to an average of 2~4 access nodes by the fast Benes network. It was only slightly inferior to the Crossbar network, and was much better than the Benes network. The reconfiguration cost was significantly reduced by up to 98%. Based on the FPGA hardware accelerator of this algorithm, the partial routing solution speed was 79 nanoseconds per time, which was similar to that of the Crossbar network and two orders of magnitude faster than the Benes network.关键词：fast Benes network;partial reconfiguration;node synchronization cost13|4|0更新时间：2026-03-02
- 摘要：5G/5G-Advanced is expected to continuously enhance key performance indicators, requiring further breakthroughs in aspects such as latency, reliability, connection density, and user experience. The limitations of traditional human-computer interactive network management, which relies primarily on manual operations, are becoming increasingly evident in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and cost. Compared to traditional optimization methods, the predictive and forward-looking capabilities of AI/ML enable the network to shift from passive response to active perception and self-optimization, achieving a transition from “monitoring-reaction” to “prediction-orchestration”. Based on the key technologies and standardization paths for radio access network (RAN) intelligence defined by 3GPP, the AI/ML model management, data collection, and interaction mechanisms were analyzed in conjunction with typical use case scenarios. For intelligent RAN in 6G, a novel architectural concept termed the “intent-driven collaborative task”was proposed. Its key implementation relied on RAN's awareness of application-layer information, task-level quality of service (QoS) monitoring, dynamic grouping and resource management, and other technologies to achieve seamless interaction between human, machine, and the carbon-silicon ecosystem in 6G networks.关键词：intelligent RAN;artificial intelligence;6G;data exchange;intent-driven network104|107|0更新时间：2026-03-02
- 摘要：Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be widely used in many scenarios due to their low cost, high mobility and flexible deployment, but most UAVs work in license-free frequency bands and lack safety supervision. A blockchain-based spectrum sharing system model was constructed. In this model, the mobile network operator was the full node of the consortium chain and the oracle node of the blockchain, each mobile operator could update the spectrum usage in real time, and the entire spectrum transaction ran on the blockchain and used smart contracts to trade, which improved the effectiveness and security of spectrum trading. At the same time, an incentive mechanism was introduced to incentivize mobile network operators to actively participate in leased frequency bands and computing spectrum sharing strategies. A graph coloring spectrum sharing auction algorithm based on cumulative interference was proposed, which comprehensively considered the revenue of leased spectrum, service fee and interference impact to define the utility function of operators, and realized efficient spectrum sharing based on cumulative interference map coloring method. The simulation results show that the proposed method can improve the benefits of both the UAV and the operator, and at the same time ensure the security of spectrum trading.关键词：blockchain;smart contract;spectrum sharing;unmanned aerial vehicle16|9|0更新时间：2026-03-02
- 摘要：Aiming at the insufficient capability of current intrusion detection models in extracting information from traffic features and their low detection efficiency, an intrusion detection method named T-DIPSA-FRAM was proposed, which integrates a feature pre-extraction module-residual attention module (FRAM) and a Transformer-DSC-Inception-pyramid squeeze attention mechanism (T-DIPSA). This method combined adaptive synthetic sampling (ADASYN), reduced edited nearest neighbors (RENN), and local outlier factor (LOF) algorithms to enhance the detection performance of the model in complex network traffic environments. Firstly, an adaptive hybrid sampling and outlier detection with LOF (AR-LOF) algorithm was employed to balance the dataset. Then, a feature pre-extraction module incorporating a residual attention module was designed to efficiently extract key features from network traffic, improving the learning stability of high-dimensional features. Finally, a local feature-enhanced attention module was designed. While capturing long-range dependencies using the Transformer encoder structure, the feedforward network of DIPSA was integrated to focus on multi-scale local spatial features, enhancing the model’s sensitivity to dynamic and non-uniformly distributed traffic. Experimental results demonstrate that on binary and multi-class classification tasks using the UNSW-NB15 and ToN-IoT datasets, T-DIPSA-FRAM achieved F1 scores of 93.58% and 95.35%, and weighted F1 scores of 88.26% and 91.03%, respectively. The study indicates that the T-DIPSA-FRAM method can effectively improve the reliability of network intrusion detection.关键词：network intrusion detection;Transformer;Inception;residual attention module;multi-scale convolution41|19|0更新时间：2026-03-02
- 摘要：A single-station integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system subject to dual eavesdropping threats was investigated. In this system, the base station communicates with a legitimate user and simultaneously receives the reflected echo signal from it for sensing. However, there is a communication eavesdropper (ComEve) that wiretaps communication information, and a sensing eavesdropper (SenEve) that passively eavesdrops on the legitimate user’s echo signal for sensing. Focusing on the sensing eavesdropping issue, the expression of sensing secrecy rate was derived, and a weighted optimization model of communication and sensing secrecy rates was formulated. This model helped to find the upper bound of system performance that balanced the security of both aspects. To enhance the security of practical ISAC systems, the optimization problems were established to maximize sensing or communication secrecy rate under different constraints, yielding optimal secure precoding designs for different requirements. Simulation results indicate that the proposed precoding scheme improves the overall system security performance by approximately 30% on average compared with the schemes that only consider the security of communication or sensing.关键词：ISAC;dual eavesdropping threat;secure precoding;secrecy rate;secure performance upper bound19|7|0更新时间：2026-03-02
- 摘要：Personalized federated learning has garnered significant attention due to its advantages in addressing data heterogeneity and privacy protection. However, existing algorithms predominantly focus on balancing the contradiction between global and personalized information, often overlooking the interference caused by distinct label information within global features. Particularly in algorithms maintaining a single global head, conflicts between label-specific features can lead to convergence challenges. To address this, a novel algorithm—federated learning with global multi-head (FedGMH) was proposed. The proposed algorithm creates multiple global heads on the server, each dedicated to processing one category of label information. Clients selectively download global heads relevant to their local labels, thereby avoiding interference from unrelated label information. Furthermore, FedGMH incorporates a parameter-level aggregation mechanism: it assesses the importance of head parameters and updates critical parameters to a weighted ensemble of the global multi-head, accelerating convergence and improving accuracy. Extensive experiments on three visual datasets demonstrate that FedGMH outperforms state-of-the-art baseline algorithms.关键词：personalized federated learning;data heterogeneity;label information;global multi-head;head parameter19|27|0更新时间：2026-03-02
- 摘要：In view of the limitations of existing anomaly detection methods for power grid regulation systems in handling complex time-series data and feature extraction, an anomaly detection method for power grid regulation systems based on conditional variational autoencoder-residual structure-gated recurrent unit (CVAE-ReS-GRU) was proposed. Firstly, based on the hierarchical operation architecture of the power grid regulation system, systematic classification and structured organization of multi-source heterogeneous data within the system were carried out. Secondly, the support vector machine (SVM) was employed to intelligently fill in missing data, and normalization was used to eliminate the dimensional differences of the original data. Then, a time supervision mechanism was introduced to improve the variational autoencoder (VAE), enhancing its ability to model the time-series characteristics of the power grid. The residual structure was embedded into the GRU network to improve the fitting accuracy for complex power time-series. The improved GRU network replaces the traditional BP neural network structure in CVAE, accelerating feature extraction. Finally, a dynamic threshold determination mechanism was designed to adaptively adjust the threshold for evaluating reconstruction errors, enabling accurate identification of abnormal data. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits significant advantages in terms of abnormal data recognition accuracy and detection efficiency compared with traditional methods, providing a new technical approach and theoretical support for enhancing the intelligent level of power grid dispatching and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system.关键词：power grid regulation and control system;anomaly detection;GRU;CVAE;residual structure31|23|0更新时间：2026-03-02
Research and Development
- 摘要：The metro network serves as critical infrastructure for mobile backhaul networks, dedicated lines, artificial intelligence (AI) computing centers, and ubiquitous computing power connectivity, making it a global research focus and competitive frontier in transport technologies. As emerging applications evolve from information consumption to industrial applications, network slicing is anticipated to emerge as a novel paradigm for information communication service delivery. The core concept of multi-dimensional converged forwarding, the core forwarding mechanism of “Ethernet-native time division multiplexing (TDM)”, as well as the system architecture and technical framework of the slicing packet network (SPN) were comprehensively elaborated. At present, SPN has achieved large-scale commercial deployment and established a series of international standards, becoming the next-generation transport network technology system of International Telecommunications Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) following synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) and optical transport network (OTN).关键词：TDM;Ethernet;SPN;metro transport network;fine granularity MTN16|5|0更新时间：2026-03-02
- 摘要：With the continuous expansion of network scale and the explosive growth of 5G applications, new demands and challenges are encountered in network management and operations. Since operational efficiency directly influences network utilization and service quality, it becomes imperative to enhance the level of network management through intelligent means and reduce traditional inefficient and repetitive tasks. As AI technology becomes deeply integrated with communication networks, the introduction of large-scale communication network models is recognized as a key pathway to promote network management and operations. In response, an intelligent operational human-computer interaction system based on large language models (LLMs) was developed. This system integrated capabilities such as knowledge-based question answering, human-computer interaction, data analysis, and solution generation through a collaboration mechanism between large and small models. Deployment and application of the system in live networks demonstrated that it not only significantly improved operational efficiency and reduced maintenance costs, but also minimized network failures through predictive maintenance, thereby enhancing user experience and strengthening corporate competitiveness. The system was designed with high replicability and adaptability, indicating broad application prospects and practical value.关键词：large language model;intelligent operation and maintenance;collaboration between large language and lightweight models;intelligent Q&A;communication network41|39|0更新时间：2026-03-02
- 摘要：As an important representative of new quality productive forces, the low-altitude economy is driving societal digital transformation through scenarios such as drone logistics, urban inspection, and emergency rescue. Mobile communication technologies represented by 5G/5G-Advanced, with their ultra-high bandwidth, ultra-low latency, and precisely controllable network capabilities, have become the core support for low-altitude communication networks. However, due to the unique characteristics of low-altitude scenarios, the optimization of low-altitude communication networks faces multiple challenges in coverage, interference, and mobility management. The optimization of integrated air-ground low-altitude networks was focused on, typical coverage schemes and collaborative optimization bottlenecks were systematically analyzed, and targeted solutions were proposed.关键词：low-altitude economy;low-altitude communication network;network optimization;5G53|69|0更新时间：2026-03-02
Engineering and Application
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